Alfred Binet - The Psychology of Reasoning

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This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III. REASONING IN PERCEPTION. In external perception the images which arise in us from contact with objects derive a group of properties from their origin which are entirely wanting in isolated images, which we studied in the preceding chapter. Directly suggested by exterior impressions, they associate themselves organically with these impressions, so as to form an indivisible whole which corresponds to the idea of a single object. By means of this sensory bond each image consequently undergoes all the modifications which the sensation directly experiences. Practically, as regards the observer, it behaves like a true sensation. The chapter which follows might therefore be entitled: '' The properties of images which are associated with sensations. In the study of these phenomena we shall turn once more to hypnotic hallucinations, for in the normal state they are too

weak to be observed. But here a preliminary objection arises: How can the hallucination be of use in the study of normal perception, an operation which is produced by a cooperation of the senses and the mind? Is the hallucination not a sort of delirious conception which arises wholly from a diseased brain ? When we say to a hypnotized subject: There is a serpent! and when, looking at the ground, she sees the serpent crawling towards her, what is real, what is objective in this apparition? Such is the objection which may be made a priori. But by carefully observing the hypnotic hallucination (the only one we shall refer to), and also by replacing mere observation by experiment, we find that a part of sensation enters, if not always, at least often, into this phenomenon. This is perhaps not an absolute rule, but the case is very common. Here is a first experiment which proves this: We present a p...

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