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"Pavlov's dogs" have an almost legendary status in textbooks on psychology. What he did was to perform an operation on the dogs consisting of "the transplantation of the opening of the salivary duct from its natural place on the mucous membrane of the mouth to the outside skin." Thus, he was able to "precisely" measure their rate of salivation for his experiments, and condition them to salivate at the ringing of a bell, which preceded their being fed. (Later, he admitted that "This method naturally suffers from fundamental disadvantages, since it involves the roughest forms of mechanical interference and the crude dismembering of an organ of a most delicate structure and function.")
Here are some representative quotations from his book:
Conditioned reflexes "proceed according to rigid laws as do any other physiological processes, and must be regarded as being in every sense a part of the physiological activity of living beings."
"The method of conditioned reflexes, however, gives over the study of the whole of this most important function of nervous analysis into the hands of the purely experimental physiologist. With the help of conditioned reflexes the scope and limits of the analysing functions in different animals can be exactly determined, and the laws regulating this function made clear."
"But what our experiments do most emphatically refute is the doctrine of special 'association' centres, or, more generally, of the existence in the hemispheres of some special area on which the higher functions of the nervous system depend."
"But what our experiments do most emphatically refute is the doctrine of special 'association' centres, or, more generally, of the existence in the hemispheres of some special area on which the higher functions of the nervous system depend."